An interactive model of a gravity-fed rotary drum filter, built by Play It Koi.

The failure modes are in here too, including the one where a filter set too low for its pond quietly runs water out the waste line while the auto-fill valve pays for it. Move the controls and watch what the water does.

Comparing the two feed styles? The pump-fed version is here.

With the pump off, the water inside the filter sits level with the pond. Start the pump and it draws from the clean side, pulling that level down. The gap it opens is what pushes water through the drum screen, carrying it from the dirty side into the clean side. Everything else is bolted to the housing, so where the pond sits decides how the whole thing behaves.

Side cutaway. Where the water sits, and how far the clean side pulls down once the pump runs.
Through the drum. Water leaves outward, solids stay inside.
Filtering normally
Pond level is in the working band and the sensor trips on a reasonable drawdown.
Running
Main pump
Idle
Auto-fill
The slider sets the level the auto-fill holds. Above the tray rim it pours out the waste line, and stopping the pump will not save it. Too low and the clean chamber falls away from the pump.
The sensor watches the clean side. Too high and the filter never stops washing. Too low and the screen gets filthy before it ever calls for a wash. The green band shifts as the pond moves, because the sensor is bolted to the housing and the water level is not.
Solids collecting on the inside face. The dirtier it gets, the further the clean side drops.
Dirty side, pond to drum Filtered water Captured solids Screen Water lost out the waste line

About this model. Proportions are generic rather than any one manufacturer's unit, and time runs faster than real life so a wash cycle and an overflow are both watchable. Drum size, drawdown and wash water use vary widely from one unit and one pond to the next, so this shows how the parts behave rather than what any particular filter will do.

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